Cartographers rely on the authority of maps to communicate locations, guide navigation at sea, and shape people’s perceptions ...

Explore the nations that challenge traditional geographical boundaries, like Turkey, Russia, Egypt, Kazakhstan, and Denmark.

New research reveals that Central Asia’s rugged terrain was molded by the vanished Tethys Ocean, millions of years before the Himalayas even rose.

Mars may have been a "blue planet" with an ocean the size of today's Arctic Ocean, a new study suggests.

New research shows ancient tropical oceans once held more oxygen than cooler regions, reshaping where early life could ...