The astronauts circling Earth on the Artemis mission sent back beautiful clear photos of the continents, clouds, and oceans.

Astronomers have introduced a new class of exoplanets, dubbed “soot planets,” which are believed to be more widespread across the galaxy than previously thought. These planets are characterized by ...

Soot is a form of carbonaceous particulate produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in engines, industrial furnaces and open fires. Its formation proceeds through successive stages: fuel ...

Astronomers have long believed that “water worlds,” planets rich in water and ice, were among the most common in our universe. This view has shaped much of our understanding of planetary formation and ...

In biomass gasification, organic polymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin undergo thermal decomposition to yield volatile tars and gas‐phase radicals. Under high temperatures and fuel‐rich ...

From the top of a plane wing, another airplane is seen flying above clouds in a blue sky, leaving a contrail in its wake. In spring 2023, scientists aboard a research aircraft chased an Airbus A321neo ...

Analysis of in-flight emissions from an Airbus A350-900 using 100% sustainable aviation fuel indicates a reduction of 35% in soot particle numbers, and a halving of contrail ice-crystal formation per ...

Reducing aircraft soot emissions may not reduce contrail clouds, according to in-flight observations of emissions from a passenger jet with modern "lean-burn" engines, reported in Nature. Contrails ...